电(Dian)动(Dong)工(Gong)具(Ju)的(De)工(Gong)作(Zuo)原(Yuan)理(Li)

　(?)　(?)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)因(Yin)输(Shu)入(Ru)的(De)电(Dian)流(Liu)不(Bu)同(Tong)，(?)可(Ke)分(Fen)为(Wei)直(Zhi)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)与(Yu)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)：(?)

　(?)　(?)(1)直(Zhi)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)——用(Yong)直(Zhi)流(Liu)电(Dian)流(Liu)来(Lai)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)的(De)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)叫(Jiao)直(Zhi)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)。(?)因(Yin)磁(Ci)场(Chang)电(Dian)路(Lu)与(Yu)电(Dian)枢(Shu)电(Dian)路(Lu)连(Lian)结(Jie)之(Zhi)方(Fang)式(Shi)不(Bu)同(Tong)，(?)又(You)可(Ke)分(Fen)为(Wei)串(Chuan)激(Ji)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)、(?)分(Fen)激(Ji)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)、(?)复(Fu)激(Ji)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji);

　(?)　(?)(2)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)——交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)中(Zhong)的(De)感(Gan)应(Ying)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)，(?)其(Qi)强(Qiang)大(Da)的(De)感(Gan)应(Ying)电(Dian)流(Liu)(涡(Wo)流(Liu))产(Chan)生(Sheng)于(Yu)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)磁(Ci)场(Chang)中(Zhong)，(?)转(Zhuan)子(Zi)上(Shang)的(De)铜(Tong)棒(Bang)对(Dui)磁(Ci)力(Li)线(Xian)的(De)连(Lian)续(Xu)切(Qie)割(Ge)，(?)依(Yi)楞(Leng)次(Ci)定(Ding)律(Lu)，(?)此(Ci)感(Gan)应(Ying)电(Dian)流(Liu)有(You)反(Fan)抗(Kang)磁(Ci)场(Chang)与(Yu)转(Zhuan)子(Zi)发(Fa)生(Sheng)相(Xiang)对(Dui)运(Yun)动(Dong)的(De)效(Xiao)应(Ying)，(?)故(Gu)转(Zhuan)子(Zi)乃(Nai)随(Sui)磁(Ci)场(Chang)而(?)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)。(?)不(Bu)过(Guo)此(Ci)转(Zhuan)子(Zi)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)速(Su)度(Du)没(Mei)有(You)磁(Ci)场(Chang)变(Bian)换(Huan)之(Zhi)速(Su)度(Du)高(Gao)，(?)否(Fou)则(Ze)磁(Ci)力(Li)线(Xian)将(Jiang)不(Bu)能(Neng)为(Wei)铜(Tong)棒(Bang)所(Suo)切(Qie)割(Ge)。(?)

　(?)　(?)用(Yong)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)流(Liu)来(Lai)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)的(De)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)叫(Jiao)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)。(?)种(Zhong)类(Lei)较(Jiao)多(Duo)，(?)主(Zhu)要(Yao)有(You)：(?)

　(?)　(?)a、(?)整(Zheng)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)——使(Shi)串(Chuan)激(Ji)直(Zhi)流(Liu)发(Fa)电(Dian)机(Ji)，(?)作(Zuo)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)用(Yong)，(?)即(Ji)成(Cheng)此(Ci)种(Zhong)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)，(?)因(Yin)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)在(Zai)磁(Ci)场(Chang)与(Yu)电(Dian)枢(Shu)电(Dian)路(Lu)中(Zhong)，(?)同(Tong)时(Shi)转(Zhuan)向(Xiang)，(?)故(Gu)力(Li)偶(Ou)矩(Ju)之(Zhi)方(Fang)向(Xiang)恒(Heng)保(Bao)持(Chi)不(Bu)变(Bian)，(?)该(Gai)机(Ji)乃(Nai)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)不(Bu)停(Ting)。(?)此(Ci)种(Zhong)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)因(Yin)兼(Jian)可(Ke)使(Shi)用(Yong)交(Jiao)、(?)直(Zhi)流(Liu)，(?)故(Gu)又(You)称(Cheng)“通(Tong)用(Yong)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)”。(?)吸(Xi)尘(Chen)器(Qi)、(?)缝(Feng)纫(Ren)机(Ji)及(Ji)其(Qi)他(Ta)家(Jia)用(Yong)电(Dian)器(Qi)等(Deng)多(Duo)用(Yong)此(Ci)种(Zhong)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)。(?)

　(?)　(?)b、(?)感(Gan)应(Ying)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)——置(Zhi)转(Zhuan)子(Zi)于(Yu)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)磁(Ci)场(Chang)中(Zhong)，(?)因(Yin)涡(Wo)电(Dian)流(Liu)的(De)作(Zuo)用(Yong)，(?)使(Shi)转(Zhuan)子(Zi)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)的(De)装(Zhuang)置(Zhi)。(?)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)磁(Ci)场(Chang)并(Bing)不(Bu)是(Shi)用(Yong)机(Ji)械(Xie)方(Fang)法(Fa)造(Zao)成(Cheng)的(De)，(?)而(?)是(Shi)以(Yi)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)通(Tong)于(Yu)数(Shu)对(Dui)电(Dian)磁(Ci)铁(Tie)中(Zhong)，(?)使(Shi)其(Qi)磁(Ci)极(Ji)性(Xing)质(Zhi)循(Xun)环(Huan)改(Gai)变(Bian)，(?)可(Ke)看(Kan)作(Zuo)为(Wei)转(Zhuan)动(Dong)磁(Ci)场(Chang)。(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)多(Duo)采(Cai)用(Yong)三(San)相(Xiang)感(Gan)应(Ying)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)(具(Ju)有(You)三(San)对(Dui)磁(Ci)极(Ji))。(?)直(Zhi)流(Liu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)的(De)运(Yun)动(Dong)恰(Qia)与(Yu)直(Zhi)流(Liu)发(Fa)电(Dian)机(Ji)相(Xiang)反(Fan)，(?)在(Zai)发(Fa)电(Dian)机(Ji)里(Li)，(?)感(Gan)生(Sheng)电(Dian)流(Liu)是(Shi)由(You)感(Gan)生(Sheng)电(Dian)动(Dong)势(Shi)形(Xing)成(Cheng)的(De)，(?)所(Suo)以(Yi)它(Ta)们(Men)是(Shi)同(Tong)方(Fang)向(Xiang)的(De)。(?)在(Zai)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)里(Li)电(Dian)流(Liu)是(Shi)由(You)外(Wai)电(Dian)源(Yuan)供(Gong)给(Gei)的(De)感(Gan)生(Sheng)电(Dian)动(Dong)势(Shi)的(De)方(Fang)向(Xiang)和(He)电(Dian)枢(Shu)电(Dian)流(Liu)I方(Fang)向(Xiang)相(Xiang)反(Fan)。(?)

　(?)　(?)c、(?)同(Tong)步(Bu)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)——电(Dian)枢(Shu)自(Zi)一(Yi)极(Ji)转(Zhuan)至(Zhi)次(Ci)一(Yi)极(Ji)，(?)恰(Qia)与(Yu)通(Tong)入(Ru)电(Dian)流(Liu)之(Zhi)转(Zhuan)向(Xiang)同(Tong)周(Zhou)期(Qi)的(De)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)。(?)此(Ci)种(Zhong)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)不(Bu)能(Neng)自(Zi)己(Ji)开(Kai)动(Dong)，(?)须(Xu)用(Yong)另(Ling)一(Yi)电(Dian)动(Dong)机(Ji)或(Huo)特(Te)别(Bie)的(De)辅(Fu)助(Zhu)绕(Rao)线(Xian)使(Shi)到(Dao)达(Da)适(Shi)当(Dang)的(De)频(Pin)率(Lu)后(Hou)，(?)始(Shi)可(Ke)接(Jie)通(Tong)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)。(?)倘(Tang)若(Ruo)负(Fu)载(Zai)改(Gai)变(Bian)而(?)使(Shi)转(Zhuan)速(Su)改(Gai)变(Bian)时(Shi)，(?)转(Zhuan)速(Su)即(Ji)与(Yu)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)频(Pin)率(Lu)不(Bu)合(He)，(?)足(Zu)使(Shi)其(Qi)步(Bu)调(Diao)紊(Wen)乱(Luan)，(?)趋(Qu)于(Yu)停(Ting)止(Zhi)或(Huo)引(Yin)起(Qi)损(Sun)坏(Huai)。(?)因(Yin)限(Xian)制(Zhi)多(Duo)，(?)故(Gu)应(Ying)用(Yong)不(Bu)广(Guang)。(?)